HC2091 Business Finance Tutorial Questions Homework Answer

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Question :

Assessment Task  Tutorial Questions Assignment Unit Code: HC2091

Unit Name: Business Finance

Assignment: Tutorial Questions Assignment (Individual)

Weighting: 50% Purpose:

This assignment is designed to assess your level of knowledge of the key topics covered in this unit

Description:

Each week students were provided with three tutorial questions of varying degrees of difficulty. The tutorial questions are available in the Black Board/ Tutorial Materials/ Tutorial Questions for Final Assessment for each week. The Interactive Tutorials are designed to assist students with the process, skills and knowledge to answer the provided tutorial questions. Your task is to answer a selection of tutorial questions from week 3 to week 11 inclusive and submit these answers in a single document.

The questions to be answered are:

Question 1(11 marks)

(This question is from the Week 4 Tutorial)

  1. Your manager asked you to evaluate an investment opportunity. Select and explain two (2) investment criteria you will use to make a decision as to whether to accept or reject the opportunity. (2.5 x 2 = 5 marks)
  2. You are the CFO of Midas Mining Ltd and the company is looking to expand its mining operations. Your staff have narrowed it down to two (2) projects, with the cash flows presented in the table below. However, given the substantial cash outlay, your company can only choose one of the projects (A or B).
Information
Project A
Project B
Cost
$5 550 000
$6 640 000
Future Cash Flows Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5


1 230 000
2 210 000
1 200 600
1 150 000
1 120 000

2 830 000
1 300 000
1 750 000
1 180 000
1 150 000

Required:

  1. Perform a project evaluation, using the Net Present Value (NPV) method. The prevailing discount rate is 12%. (2.5 x 2 = 5 marks)
  2. Identify which project (if any) should be accepted by Midas Mining Ltd. (1 mark)

Question 2(11 marks)

(This question is from the Week and Week 4 Tutorials)

Alice has $5 000 now. She wants to save $25 000 to buy her first car. She decides to put that $5 000 in an investment fund that pays an interest rate of 10% per annum (per year), compounding annually.

Required:

  1. How long does Alice need to wait until she has saved $25 000? (2 marks)
  2. If Alice wishes to have that $25 000 in five (5) years, how much does she need to put into the investment now with the same interest rate of 10%? (2 marks)
  3. Assume that Alice was offered an alternative investment, which requires an initial investment of $6 000 for seven (7) years. Calculate the amount of money that Alice would accumulate after seven (7) years, if the rate of return is 12%, compounding quarterly.(2 marks)
  4. Assume that Alice was offered two (2) other alternative investments in the securities market:
    1. Option A pays an interest rate of 10% p.a. (per year), compounding semi- annually.
    2. Option B pays an interest rate of 9.87%, compounding monthly. Which option (A or B) should Alice choose? (2 marks)
  5. Assume that Alice has achieved her goal of $25 000 as a deposit and now she wants to purchase a car which costs $45 000. Her plan is to pay $25 000 in cash and finance the balance over three (3) years at an interest rate of 3.5%. What will be her monthly payment? (2 marks)
  6. At the end of this year, Alice will receive a fixed income of $10,000 each year forever. If the required rate of return is 14%, what is the present value of this income flow?

(1 mark)

Question 3(7 marks)

(This question is from the Week and Week 8 Tutorials)

MLC Fund Management is considering the following three (3) options for their new investment portfolio:

Option 1 - A non-callable corporate bond that pays a coupon rate of 8% annually. The bond will mature in 30 years. The yield-to-maturity (YTM) of the bond is 7.5% and the face value of the bond is $1 000.

Option 2 - An ordinary share which just paid a dividend of $6.00 with a constant dividend growth rate of 5% each year. The current market price of this share is $85.

Option 3 - A $100 par value preference-share which pays a fixed dividend of 6%. The required rate of return for the preference shares with the same risk is 8%.

Required:

  1. How much should MLC pay for the corporate bond that pays the coupon annually? (1 mark) If the coupon is paid quarterly, what is the new bond value? (1 mark)
  2. Calculate the market required rate of return for the ordinary share. (1 marks)
  3. Compute the value of the preference share. (1 mark)
  • Explain why a preference share is considered a hybrid between an equity and a debt instrument. (3 marks)

Question 4(7 marks)

(This question is from the Week 9 Tutorial)

Marcus has an investment portfolio that paid the rate of return of 24.75%, -11%, - 30%, 19%, 15.5%, 12% and 20% over the last seven (7) years.

Required:

  1. Calculate the arithmetic average return and the geometric average return of this portfolio. (2 marks)
  2. Discuss the difference between arithmetic average return and the geometric average return. When should Marcus use a specific average return? (2 marks)
  3. If the following information is available for Marcus’s portfolio in the forecast for next year, calculate the expected return and identify the risk of return by computing the variance and the standard deviation. (3 marks)
State of economy
Probability of the economic state
Rate of Return
Boom
0.55
25%
Normal
0.30
17%
Recession
0.15
-8%

Question 5(7 marks)

(This question is from the Week 10 Tutorial)

Osborne Construction currently has the following capital structure:

Debt: $20,500,000 paying 9.5% coupon bonds outstanding with 15 years to maturity, an annual before-tax yield to maturity of 8% on a new issue. The bonds currently sell for

$1,125 per $1,000 face value.

Ordinary Shares: 100,000 shares outstanding currently selling for $45 per share. The company just paid a $3.50 dividend per share and is experiencing a 5% growth rate in dividends, which it expects to continue indefinitely.

(Note: The firm's marginal tax rate is 30%.)

Required:

  1. Calculate the current total market value of the company. (1.5 marks)
  2. Calculate the capital structure of the company. (1 marks)
  3. Calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the firm. (1.5 marks)
  4. Discuss the significance of calculating WACC for this company. (3 marks)

Question 6(7 marks)

(This question is from the Week 11 Tutorial)

The following data is available for Quick Serve Trading Ltd.

Account
Beginning
balance
Ending Balance
Accounts payable
120,300
124,400
Inventory
160,600
167,200
Long term debts
327,500
325,800
Common stock
400,400
415,900
Accounts receivable
123,400
122,300
Total revenue

737,000
Total cost of sales

265,000

(Note - Assume that all sales are on credit)

Required:

  1. Calculate the operating cycle (2.5 marks) and the cash cycle (2.5 marks)
  2. Interpret and explain the outcomes (2 marks)
Show More

Answer :

Question 1:

a) Investment appraisal criteria –

  • Net present value – Net present value is the difference between the present value of cash inflow to present value of cash outflow. The positive NPV represents that the project is profitable and the negative NPV represents the loss in the project. therefore, the project with a positive NPV should be acceptable.
  • Payback period – payback period means how much time the initial investment will get back to the organization. It indicates the liquidity in the project. if the payback period is within the permissible limit then the project will be acceptable otherwise the project will not be admissible by the organization.

b) Net present value:

Years
Project A
 
 
Project B
 
 
 
Cash flows
PVF
PV
Cash flows
PVF
PV
0
-5550000
1
-5550000
-6640000
1
-6640000
1
1230000
0.893
1098214
2830000
0.893
2526786
2
2210000
0.797
1761798
1300000
0.797
1036352
3
1200600
0.712
854563
1750000
0.712
1245615
4
1150000
0.636
730846
1180000
0.636
749911
5
1120000
0.567
635518
1150000
0.567
652541
NPV
 
 
-469060
 
 
-428795

(ii) Both the projects of the company have a negative net present value therefore both the projects should not be acceptable by the company.

Question 2:

a) Time for saving $ 25000:

Principal = 5000, Amount = 25000, Interest = 10 %, time =?

Amount = Principal (1+rate) ^t

25000 = 5000 (1+10%) ^t

T = 17 Years (Approx.)

b) Calculation of investment amount:

Principal =? Amount = 25000, Interest = 10 %, time =5 years

25000 = Principal (1.1) ^5

Principal = 15523 answer

c) Return on investment:

Principal = 6000, Rate = 12/4 = 3 %, time = 7*4 = 25 quarter, amount = ?

Amount = 6000 * (1.03) ^28

Amount = 13727 answer

d) Effective annual interest

Option A = 10.25 %

Option B = 10.33 %

Therefore, option B is better than option A and the amount is invested in option B.

e) Amount of monthly payment:

Amount of loan = $ 45000 - $ 25000 = $ 20000

Time = 3 years

Interest rate = 3.5 %

Monthly payment = $ 586

f) PV of income flow:

Fixed income received each year=$ 10000

Required rate of return=14 %

PV of income=$ 10000 / 14%= $ 71429

Question 3: 

a) Value of bond:

Value of bond =PV value of face value + PV of interest received

When coupon rate is paid annually:

1000 * 0.114 + 80 * 11.81=$ 1058.80

When coupon rate is paid quarterly:

1000 * 0.114 + 20 * 47.59=$ 1065.80

b) Required rate of return:

Current market price= Dividend * (1 + growth rate) / Ke – Growth rate

$ 85=6 * (1 + 0.05) / Ke – 0.05

Ke=12.41 %

c) Value of Preference share:

Value of preference share=Dividend / required rate of return

=$ 6 / 8 %=$ 75

d) Hybrid of preference share:

The preference share has the characteristics of both equity shares and bonds. As there are fixed returns on preference share as the rate of dividend is predetermined and the payment is considered as a dividend. The risk is low as compared to equity shares and returns are high as compared to equity shares also the risk is high as compared to bonds and returns are low as compared to bonds. Therefore the preference shares are considered as a hybrid between equity and debt instrument.

Question 4:

a) Valuation of AAR and GAR

Years
Return
 
1
24.75%
1.2475
2
-11%
0.89
3
-30%
0.7
4
19%
1.19
5
15.50%
1.155
6
12%
1.12
7
20%
1.2
Arithmetic average
7.18%
 
Geometric average
 
5.30%

b) Arithmetic mean v/s geometric mean:

The arithmetic mean is the average of the data set in the arithmetic mean the sum of the data set is divided by the numbers in the data set to get the arithmetic mean, whereas in the geometric mean the product of the numbers are calculated and then these products are rising to the length of its series. The geometric mean considers the compounding effect from period to period whereas the average return or arithmetic return does not incorporate the compounding return in it. Therefore when the investors analyze any portfolio they take the geometric mean over the arithmetic mean.

c) Calculation of expected return, variance, and standard deviation:

State of economy
Probability
Rate of return
p*X = Mean
(X-Mean)
(X-Mean)^2
Boom
0.55
25.00
13.75
11.25
126.5625
Normal
0.3
17.00
5.1
11.90
141.61
Recession
0.15
-8.00
-1.2
-6.80
46.24
 
 
 
17.65
 
314.4125

Expected return = 17.65 %

Variance = 314.4125

Standard deviation = (314.4125) ^1/2 = 17.73

Question 5:

a) Total market value of the company

Script
Calculation
Market Value
Debt
20500000/1000*1125
23062500
Equity
100000*45
4500000
 
 
 
The total Market value of the firm
27562500



b) Capital structure of the company:

Script
Calculation
Market Value
Capital structure
Debt
20500000/1000*1125
23062500
0.84
Equity
100000*45
4500000
0.16
 
 
 
 
The capital structure of the company
27562500
1.00

c) Weighted average cost of capital:

Cost of equity –

D1 = 3.5 * 1.05 = 3.675

P = 45

G = 5%

Ke =?

45 = 3.675 / (Ke-.05)

Ke = 13.17 %

Cost of debt = 8 * (1 -.3) = 5.6 %

Script
Calculation
Market Value
Capital structure
Cost 
WACC
Debt
20500000/1000*1125
23062500
0.84
5.60%
5%
Equity
100000*45
4500000
0.16
13.17%
2%
 
 
 
 
 
 
The capital structure of the company
27562500
1.00
 
7%

d) Importance of weighted average cost of capital – 

The weighted average cost of capital is the cost of the funding of the company, any project that is accepted by the company must be earning more than the WACC. In the company the capital structure outrightly debt intensive the company has an 84 % debt in the total capital structure of the company and a weighted average cost of capital is 7 %. The cost of debt post-tax is 5.6 % and the cost of equity is 13.17 %.

Question 6:

a) Calculation of the operating cycles and cash conversion cycle

Operating cycles = days of sales outstanding + days of inventory outstanding

Days of sales outstanding = [(Opening debtors + Closing debtors)/2] / (Revenue/365)

Days of sales outstanding = (123400+122300)/2] / (737000/365)

DSO = 61 Days

Days of inventory outstanding = [(Opening Inventory + Closing Inventory)/2] / (COGS/365)

Days of inventory outstanding = [(160600 + 167200)/2] / (265000/365)

= 226 days

Operating cycle = 61 +226 = 287 days

Cash conversion cycle = operating cycle – days of suppliers outstanding

Days of supplier outstanding = [(Opening payables + Closing payables)/2] / (COGS/365)

= 169 days

Cash conversion cycle = 287 -169 = 118 days

b) Explanation of outcomes:

As the operating cycle is 287 days which shows there is a lack of liquidity from debtors and inventories. The company has a lack of efficiency in recovering the cash and liquid from the sales of inventories. The operations of the business is depending on the liquidity of the company and the high operating cycle may cause the problem of liquidation in case of emergency and instant need of cash funds. The high operating cycle denotes the blockage of the fund in inventories and debtors.

The cash conversion cycle is 118 days which shows the company has a net cash conversion period after payment of creditors. The high cash conversion cycle is not good for the company as the company has a block of funds in inventories and debtors and liable to pay dues to suppliers and creditors. The company has a liquidation problem in this case as the net cash conversion may take approx 3 months and a decrease in days of supplier outstanding may impact the financial feasibility of the company.